ABG Interpretation In 4 Easy Steps
ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) Interpretation In 4 Easy Steps
First of All, You Should Know Few Normal Values –
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pH = 7.35 – 7.45 [ Perfect pH = 7.40 ]
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pCO₂ = 35 – 45 [ CO₂ = Acid ]
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HCO₃ = 22 – 26 [ HCO₃ = alkali ]
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pO₂ = 80 – 100
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Now Interpretation of ABGs In 4 Easy Steps-
1. Label The pH
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< 7.40 → Acidosis
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> 7.40 → Alkalosis
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2. Look At The pCO₂ & HCO₃
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High pCO₂ → Respiratory Acidosis
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Low pCO₂ → Respiratory Alkalosis
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High HCO₃ → Metabolic Alkalosis
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Low HCO₃ → Metabolic Acidosis
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3. Look At The pCO₂ & HCO₃ together as a pair
BOTH ARE OUTSIDE THE NORMAL RANGE & MOVING IN THE SAME DIRECTION : COMPENSATION
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pH = 7.35 – 7.45 → Fully Compensated
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pH = Not in Normal range → Partially Compensated
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4. Look at the pO₂
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< 80 → Hypoxia
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Q. A 57 year smoker presents to emergency with breathlessness and altered sensorium. His ABG analysis shows pH of 7.26 , pCO₂of 68 and HCO₃ of 35.
(a) Metabolic Acidosis
(b) Respiratory Acidosis
(c) Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
(d) Respiratory Acidosis with compensatory Metabolic Alkalosis
Ans. (d) Respiratory Acidosis with compensatory Metabolic Alkalosis
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